Parasitosis y antígenos TF, Tn y sTn / Parasitosis and TF, Tn and sTn antigens

Resumen Las investigaciones realizadas establecen una relación entre los epítopos T, Tn y sTn y las enfermedades parasitarias. Estos epítopos se expresan en un alto porcentaje de tumores epiteliales e inicialmente fueron relacionados con el síndrome T, caracterizado por trombocitopenia, leucopenia y anemia hemolítica. Se ha identificado la expresión de Tn en varios carcinomas, aunque los eventos asociados a su exposición en éstos parecen ser diferentes de los observados en el síndrome Tn. Diversos estudios comunicaron que estructuras asociadas a tumores, tales como los antígenos Tn y sialil-Tn, se expresan en algunos protozoarios y helmintos, y plantearon numerosos interrogantes a nivel de la interacción parásito-hospedador, de la glicobiología parasitaria y de las eventuales relaciones entre la biología de algunos parásitos y las células cancerígenas. Los hematíes son poliaglutinables cuando son aglutinados por casi todas las muestras de suero humano normal. Algunas formas de poliaglutinidad se deben a la exposición del determinante antigénico TF, mediante la eliminación del ácido N-acetilneuramínico, por la acción de neuraminidasas bacterianas o virales, aunque en los últimos años se ha comunicado el desenmascaramiento de este antígeno críptico eritrocitario por Ascaris lumbricoides y Trichinella spiralis. Debido a la importancia clínica de la activación T, se destaca la necesidad de estudiar la exposición del antígeno críptico TF en todos los parásitos cuyo hábitat sea la sangre, o bien en aquellos cuyos ciclos de vida comprendan una migración por el torrente circulatorio, pues su desenmascaramiento puede ocasionar autoaglutinación y/o hemólisis.

Abstract The investigations carried out establish a relationship between the T, Tn and sTn epitopes and the parasitic diseases. These epitopes are expressed in a high percentage of epithelial tumors, and they were initially related to the T syndrome, characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hemolytic anemia. The expression of Tn has been identified in several carcinomas, although the events associated with its exposure appears to be different from those observed in the Tn syndrome. Various studies report that tumor-associated structures such as Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens are expressed in some protozoa and helminths, raising numerous questions at the level of parasite-host interaction, parasitic glycobiology and eventual relationships between the biology of some parasites and cancer cells. Red cells are polyaglutinate when agglutinated by almost all normal human serum samples. Some forms of polyaglutinity are due to the exposure of the antigenic determinant TF, through the elimination of N-acetylneuraminic acid, by the action of bacterial or viral neuraminidases, although the unmasking of this erythrocyte cryptic antigen by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichinella spiralis has been reported in recent years. Due to the clinical importance of T activation, the need to study the exposure of the cryptic TF antigen in all parasites whose habitats are blood or whose life cycles include migration through the circulatory stream is highlighted, since its unmasking can cause autoagglutination and/or hemolysis.

Resumo As investigações realizadas estabelecem uma relação entre os epítopos T, Tn e sTn e doenças parasitárias. Esses epítopos são expressos em alta porcentagem de tumores epiteliais e foram inicialmente relacionados à síndrome T, caracterizada por trombocitopenia, leucopenia e anemia hemolítica. A expressão de Tn foi identificada em vários carcinomas, embora os eventos associados à sua exposição neles pareçam ser diferentes dos observados na síndrome Tn. Vários estudos relatam que estruturas associadas a tumores, tais como antígenos Tn e sialil-Tn, são expressos em alguns protozoários e helmintos, levantando inúmeras questões no nível da interação parasita-hospedeiro, glicobiologia parasitária e eventuais relações entre a biologia de alguns parasitas e células cancerígenas. Os glóbulos vermelhos são poliaglutináveis quando são aglutinados por quase todas as amostras de soro humano normal. Algumas formas de poliaglutinidade são devidas à exposição do determinante antigênico TF, pela eliminação do ácido N-acetilneuramínico, pela ação de neuraminidases bacterianas ou virais, embora nos últimos anos tenha sido relatado o desmascaramento desse antígeno eritrocitário críptico por Ascaris lumbricoides e Trichinella spiralis. Devido à importância clínica da ativação T, destaca-se a necessidade de estudar a exposição do antígeno críptico TF em todos os parasitas cujo habitat seja o sangue ou naqueles cujos ciclos de vida incluam migração pela corrente circulatória, uma vez que seu desmascaramento pode causar autoaglutinação e/ou hemólise.

Clinical study on auricular point sticking plus Western medicine for moderate gastric cancer pain / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of auricular point sticking plus Western medicine for moderate gastric cancer pain. Methods: A total of 80 patients were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received Western medicine treatment, while patients in the observation group received additional auricular point sticking. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. Numeric rating scale (NRS) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) were adopted before and after treatment. The total time and times of flare-up pain in 24 h were recorded. The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were detected. The clinical efficacy of both groups was evaluated after treatment. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, NRS scores of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); KPS scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the total time and flare-up times of pain during 24 h of both groups were significantly reduced (all P<0.05), and those of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group (both P<0.05). After treatment, the COX-2 and TNF-α levels of both groups were significantly reduced (all P<0.05), and were lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of auricular point sticking plus Western medicine for moderate gastric cancer pain is valid. This combined treatment can alleviate cancer pain and improve patients' quality of life, which may be related to its ability to reduce COX-2 and TNF-α levels.

Auricular point sticking for relieving pain in arteriovenous fistula puncture / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of auricular point sticking at different points to relieve the pain in arteriovenous fistula puncture. Methods: A total of 42 patients with arteriovenous fistula were randomized into a Shenmen (TF4) group and an Elbow (SF3) group by the random number table method, with 21 cases in each group. After enrolled into different groups, before the dialysis, patients were given auricular point sticking with Wang Bu Liu Xing ( Semen Vaccariae) seeds at Shenmen (TF4) and Elbow (SF3), respectively. Patients were asked to press the seeds themselves for 2 min each time, four times a day, and an additional 5-15 min before the arteriovenous fistula puncture. Intensive pressing was offered during the puncture, 15-20 presses for each time, and the plasters were changed every 2-3 d. The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to score the pain level one week before and after auricular point sticking. The NRS score was then compared and analyzed. Results: The intra-group comparison showed that the changes of NRS score in both groups were statistically significant after auricular point sticking (both P＜0.05). After the treatment, there was no significant difference in NRS score between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point sticking at Shenmen (TF4) or Elbow (SF3) can effectively relieve the pain of arteriovenous fistula puncture, and these two points have equivalent analgesic effect.

Clinical significance of dynamic detecting TNF-α,HMBG-1,TF and vWF in peripheral blood from patients with sepsis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic detecting the levels of TNF-α, HMBG-1,TF and vWF in the peripheral blood from the patients with sepsis. Method The serum and plasma were collected from 39 patients with sepsis onset 24,48,72 and 120 h,and 15 health volunteers. The levels of TNF-α,HMBG-1,TF in serum and vWF in plasma were detected with ELISA.The septic patients were divided in-to death and survival groups.The relations were compared between the changes of the levels of TNF-α,HMBG-1, TF and vWF from septic patient peripheral blood with the illness severity.Results The levels of TNF-α,HMBG-1, TF and vWF in serums from different time point septic patient were significantly higher than health group(P <0.01).The peak time was 24 h for TNF-α,48 h for HMBG-1,TF and vWF,and the 24 h was lowest.By the mul-tivariate Logistic regression analysis,the death groups were significantly higher than survival groups(P < 0.05 &0.01).By ROC curve analysis,the 4 inflammatory factors have obvious judgment value from 72 and 120 h curves. Conclusion Firstly,the inflammatory immune response in the septic patient was excessive activated. Then the levels of detected inflammatory factors have a trend toward increased with the extension of the course and there may be a peak point. Moreover,the levels of detected inflammatory factors have a positively correlated with the course of the disease.Lastly,by dynamic detecting the changes of the levels of TNF-α,HMBG-1,TF and vWF in serum from septic patient,it can be served as a comprehensive evaluation index of the patient condition,treatment effect and prognostic judgment.

A study on the outcome of tympanoplasty with various graft materials

Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the most common causes of preventable hearing loss especially in developing countries CSOM is a disease condition characterized by persistent perforation of tympanic membrane with recurrent or persistent mucopurulent Otorrhoea Aim: This study was undertaken to review the outcomes (hearing improvement) achieved by using various graft materials like temporalis fascia (TF), tragal cartilage (TC), Conchal cartilage (CC), autologous sculpted incus (I), autologous cortical bone (BG) in tympanoplasty surgery Material and methods: This study comprised of 14 males and 16 females patients with age ranging from 12 years to 55 years They were selected for surgery after adequate history taking, clinical, otoscopic and microscopic examination Type 1 tympanoplasty was done in 19 patients, Type 3 tympanoplasty + Modified Radical Mastoidectomy (MRM) was done in 11 patients by using various graft materials The results were evaluated in the form of rate of graft success, hearing gain, and the pre and post-operative Air Bone gap Results: Out of 30 patients, in 20 TF graft patients AB gap improvement seen in 14 patients, 5 patients did not show any change and 1 patient did not come for follow up In 2 TC graft patients, both showed improvement in AB gap In 1 patient where CC graft was used showed improvement in AB gap In 6 patients I graft was used, 2 patients showed improvement, 2 patients did not show any change, 1 patient did not come for follow up and in 1 patient AB gap worsened In 1 patient BG was used and no change in AB gap was seen Out of 30 cases graft uptake was seen in 25 cases and graft rejection was seen in 3 cases and 2 patients did not come for follow up Graft rejection was documented in one case where TF was used, one case where incus graft was used and in another case where BG was used Harinarayana N, Srikanth M A study on the outcome of tympanoplasty with various graft materials IAIM, 2018; 5(12): 77- 82 Page 78 Conclusion: Post-operative hearing gain obtained was found to be better in patients operated upon with tubotympanic disease than those operated upon with atticoantral disease The post-operative hearing improvement depends not only on the graft material used and the type of tympanoplasty but also on the pre-operative status of the ossicular chain

Putative 3-nitrotyrosine detoxifying genes identified in the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii: in silico search of regulatory sequences responsive to salt and nitrogen stress

Background: During salt stress, the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii synthesizes tyrosine as a strategy to avoid the oxidation of proteins. Tyrosine reacts with nitrogen radicals to form 3-nitrotyrosine. 3-nitrotyrosine prevents the effects of associated oxidative stress and thus contributes to the high halotolerace of the yeast. However, the mechanism of how D. hansenii counteracts the presence of this toxic compound is unclear. In this work, we evaluated D. hansenii's capacity to assimilate 3-nitrotyrosine as a unique nitrogen source and measured its denitrase activity under salt stress. To identify putative genes related to the assimilation of 3-nitrotyrosine, we performed an in silico search in the promoter regions of D. hansenii genome. Results: We identified 15 genes whose promoters had binding site sequences for transcriptional factors of sodium, nitrogen, and oxidative stress with oxidoreductase and monooxygenase GO annotations. Two of these genes, DEHA2E24178g and DEHA2C00286g, coding for putative denitrases and having GATA sequences, were evaluated by RT-PCR and showed high expression under salt and nitrogen stress. Conclusions: D. hansenii can grow in the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine as the only nitrogen source and has a high specific denitrase activity to degrade 3-nitrotyrosine in 1 and 2 M NaCl stress conditions. The results suggest that given the lack of information on transcriptional factors in D. hansenii, the genes identified in our in silico analysis may help explain 3-nitrotyrosine assimilation mechanisms.

Effect of Xiang-Qi-Tang on coagulation factors in mice with endotoxemia / 中国兽医学报

To study the anticoagulant effect of Xiang-Qi-Tang (XQT),the mice model of endotoxemia was established to detect the expression of coagulation factors and their regulatory proteins in serum and aorta.The results showed that XQT could decrease the expression of TF and increase the expression of tPA in the aorta of mice with endotoxemia,and also decrease the expression of sEPCR in the serum.We further found that XQT caused the decrease of sEPCR through the regulation of PKC δ and ADAM17 to contribute the anticoagulation in mice.This study may provide a new strategy for treating endotoxin-induced disease and provide evidences for further researching the pharmacological action of XQT.

Application of Disciplinary Background Knowledge in Medical Text Feature Extraction / 医学信息学杂志

The paper analyzes the conditions of research on the current scientific literature text feature extraction methods,applies the TF-IDF method based on background knowledge in the medical text feature extraction,and conducts experimental comparison in four medical fields.The result indicates that this method can obviously improve the extraction effect when there are few vocabularies to be extracted,and is obviously superior to the IDF based TF-IDF method in the aspects of filtration of commonly-used words in the text set and identification of important feature words.

Comparison of cyclic fatigue life of nickel-titanium files: an examination using high-speed camera

OBJECTIVES: To determine the actual revolutions per minute (rpm) values and compare the cyclic fatigue life of Reciproc (RPC, VDW GmbH), WaveOne (WO, Dentsply Maillefer), and TF Adaptive (TFA, Axis/SybronEndo) nickel-titanium (NiTi) file systems using high-speed camera. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty RPC R25 (25/0.08), 20 WO Primary (25/0.08), and 20 TFA ML 1 (25/0.08) files were employed in the present study. The cyclic fatigue tests were performed using a dynamic cyclic fatigue testing device, which has an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius of curvature. The files were divided into 3 groups (group 1, RPC R25 [RPC]; group 2, WO Primary [WO]; group 3, TF Adaptive ML 1 [TFA]). All the instruments were rotated until fracture during the cyclic fatigue test and slow-motion videos were captured using high-speed camera. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05). RESULTS: The slow-motion videos were indicated that rpm values of the RPC, WO, and TFA groups were 180, 210, and 425, respectively. RPC (3,464.45 ± 487.58) and WO (3,257.63 ± 556.39) groups had significantly longer cyclic fatigue life compared with TFA (1,634.46 ± 300.03) group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean length of the fractured fragments. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitation of the present study, RPC and WO NiTi files showed significantly longer cyclic fatigue life than TFA NiTi file.

A comparison between root canal deviations after root preparation using two kinds of nickel-titanium instruments / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the root canal deviations in vitro teeth curved root with TF and Protaper instru-ments by cone beam computer tomography( CBCT) . Methods 40 teeth in vitro in the standard collection were ran-domly assigned to two groups, prepared with the crown-down method, the TF group ready to 0. 06/#25; the Pro-taper group ready to F2 . CBCT scans were taken to measure the mesial and distal thicknesses of the tube wall in vitro teeth before and after preparation. The root canal deviation and the rate of shaft center were measured with ref-erence to the formula proposed by Gambill. Results The TF group need less time in preparation and has more effi-ciency(P<0. 05) than the Protaper group; both TF and Protaper devices appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average, no instruments broken. Comparing the offset of the internal and external wall of root canal in 3, 5, 7 mm from the apex, the root canal deviation prepared by the TF group was less than the Protaper group, and its rate of axis center was greater than the Protaper group, closer to 1. Conclusion TF can maintain original root canal morphology in preparing curved root canal, also has higher efficiency;under the noninvasive condition, the root canal forming ability of preparation instruments can be evaluated by CBCT.

Quantitative Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Based on TF-IDF Relative Entropy / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study proposed to use Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) relative entropy as knowledge representation method between symptoms and syndrome. TF-IDF was originated from text mining. It was an important method in the automatic text categorization. TF-IDF also represented the automatic categorization idea in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome. It was based on the fact that the higher frequency of one symptom in specific syndrome, the stronger ability to distinguish this syndrome (TF); and the more wide range of one symptom in all syndrome, and the lower ability to distinguish a syndrome (IDF). It was verified with specific examples.

Enhancement of Short-Term Memory by Methyl-6-(Phenylethynyl)-Pyridine in the BTBR T+tf/J Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of disorders that are characterized by social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. This study evaluated the effect of methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP), an antagonist of the mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptor, on memory enhancement in the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain, which has been recognized as a model of ASD. METHODS: The pharmacological effects of MPEP on memory and motor coordination were assessed using the Morris water maze and rotarod tests in BTBR and C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Furthermore, we performed morphological analyses of cerebellar foliation in BTBR and B6 mice using hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: MPEP-treated BTBR mice exhibited improved learning and memory in the Morris water maze test. MPEP administration also improved motor coordination in the rotarod test. However, no significant difference was observed regarding the numbers of Purkinje cells in the cerebella of BTBR versus normal B6 mice. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP has the potential to ameliorate learning and memory dysfunction and impaired motor coordination in BTBR mice. These results further suggest that the BTBR mouse model may be useful in pharmacological studies investigating drugs that could potentially alleviate cognitive dysfunction in ASD.

Mineralogy, zinc kinetic adsorption and sequential extraction of contaminated soil in Manaus, Amazon / Mineralogia, cinética de adsorção e extração sequencial de zinco de um solo contaminado em Manaus, Amazônia, Brazil

Zinc is a heavy metal that enters the environment as consequence of both natural and anthropogenic activities. The association of the soil geochemical fractions and adsorption kinetics were studied to evaluate the behavior of the Zn in a contaminated Utisol soil. The contaminated soil samples were collected at depth 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80cm into the Manaus Industrial District (MID) region. The study was performed in soil fractions at 50µm being the samples submitted to sequential extraction, batch experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The adsorption kinetics was fitted according to Lagergren equation. The physical and chemical proprieties of soil showed that organic matter has low cation adsorption capacity and the existence of kaolinite poorly ordered, monoclinic and mixed with others mineral. The kinetics experiments performed indicated that the Zn is adsorbed by sorption process most probably with the formation of two bidentate surfaces. The Zn contents are above established by CETESB (reference value 60mg kg-1) being observed remarkable differences between exchangeable and residual fraction.

O zinco é um metal pesado que é introduzido no ambiente como consequências de atividades naturais e antrópicas. A associação das frações geoquímicas do solo e a cinética de adsorção foram estudadas para avaliar o comportamento do Zn em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. As amostras de solo contaminado foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 e 60-80cm na região do Distrito Industrial de Manaus (MID). O estudo foi realizado nas frações do solo 50µm, sendo as amostras submetidas à extração sequencial, experimentos de adsorção, difração de raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (IV-TF). A cinética de adsorção foi ajustada de acordo com a equação de Lagergren. As propriedades físicas e químicas do solo mostram que a matéria orgânica tem baixa capacidade de adsorção e a existência de caulinita pobremente ordenada, monoclina e misturada com outros minerais. Os experimentos de cinética indicaram que o Zn é adsorvido por um processo de sorção, muito provavelmente, parecido com a formação de superfícies bidentadas. A quantidade de Zn está acima do estabelecido pela CETESB (valor de referência de 60mg kg-1), sendo observada notável diferença entre as frações trocável e residual.

The effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on EPOR pathway in leukemia cell line TF-1 / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia M6-type human erythroleukemia TF-1 cells and the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) pathway and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods: After TF-1 cells treated with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1, the proliferation activity of TF-1 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptotic change of TF-1 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 was demonstrated by flow cytometry (FCM) and observed under a transmission electron microscope. The expression level of EPOR on TF-1 cell membrane after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 was detected by FCM and immunofluoresence staining. The expression levels of EPOR mRNA and EPOR, phospho-EPOR (p-EPOR), Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2), phospho-JAK2 (p-JAK2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5), phospho-STAT5 (p-STAT5), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins and the reactivity to erythropoietin (EPO) in TF-1 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: The proliferation activities of TF-1 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h were inhibited (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rates of TF-1 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) for 48 h were higher than that of the control cells (without any treatment) (P < 0.05). The apoptotic changes of TF-1 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 could be found under a transmission electron microscope. As determined by FCM and immunofluoresence staining analyses, the expression level of EPOR on TF-1 cell membrane was decreased. The expression level of EPOR mRNA in TF-1 cells was decreased (P < 0.05). As compared with the control cells, the expression level of total EPOR protein in TF-1 cells after treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 had no change, but the reactivity to EPO was reduced and the expression level of p-EPOR was significantly decreased, the expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly enhanced, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT5 and p-STAT5 proteins were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ginsenoside Rg1 can significantly inhibite the proliferation of TF-1 cells and promote apoptosis. This mechanism may be related to a decrease in reactivity to EPO, down-regulation of the expressions of EPOR downstream-related proteins and the activation of caspase-3. Copyright © 2014 by TUMOR.

A comparison of dimensional standard of several nickel-titanium rotary files

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the dimensional standard of several nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files and verify the size conformity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ProFile (Dentsply Maillefer), RaCe (FKG Dentaire), and TF file (SybronEndo) #25 with a 0.04 and 0.06 taper were investigated, with 10 in each group for a total of 60 files. Digital images of Ni-Ti files were captured under light microscope (SZX16, Olympus) at 32x. Taper and diameter at D1 to D16 of each files were calculated digitally with AnalySIS TS Materials (OLYMPUS Soft Imaging Solutions). Differences in taper, the diameter of each level (D1 to D16) at 1 mm interval from (ANSI/ADA) specification No. 101 were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test at 95% confidence level. RESULTS: TF was the only group not conform to the nominal taper in both tapers (p < 0.05). All groups except 0.06 taper ProFile showed significant difference from the nominal diameter (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Actual size of Ni-Ti file, especially TF, was different from the manufacturer's statements.

A new laboratorial method for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs / Um novo método laboratorial para diagnóstico de parasitos gastrointestinais em cães

In this study, we aimed to introduce a new technique called TF-Test Modified/Dog for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs. Fecal samples from 106 dogs were processed by the technique TF-Test Modified/Dog and the techniques of centrifugation-flotation in zinc sulfate, simple-flotation by saturated solution of sodium chloride, direct microscopy exam and TF-Test Conventional. Sensitivity was higher in the TF-Test Modified/Dog (98.41%), followed by flotation in saturated zinc sulfate (77.78%), TF-Test Conventional (73.02%), flotation by saturated sodium chloride (55.55%), and direct microscopy exam (30.16%). The diagnostic efficiency varied from 58.49% to 99.06%, with the highest value also obtained by the new proposed technique. Efficiency level of 99.06% with kappa index 0.979 (almost perfect) was obtained with the TF-Test Modified/Dog. These results represent significant statistical gains (P < 0.05) of 20.63% in sensitivity and 12.27% in efficiency over the best among the other techniques ­ flotation by saturated zinc sulfate, whose kappa index was 0.738, much lower than that of the TF-Test Modified/Dog. All techniques presented 100% specificity. In this sense, the high sensitivity of the TF-Test Modified/Dog makes it suitable for epidemiological surveys of gastrointestinal parasitosis in dogs, zoonoses control and preventive surveillance programs.

O objetivo deste estudo foi introduzir a nova técnica TF-Test Modified/Dog para diagnóstico de parasitos gastrointestinais em cães. Amostras fecais de 106 cães foram processadas pela técnica de TF-Test Modified/Dog e também por técnicas de centrifugação-flutuação em sulfato de zinco, flutuação simples em solução saturada de cloreto de sódio, exame microscópico direto e TF-Test Convencional. A sensibilidade foi maior no TF-Test Modified/Dog (98,41%), seguido por centrífugo-flutuação em solução de sulfato de zinco (77,78%), TF-Test Convencional (73,02%), flutuação em solução saturada de cloreto de sódio (55,55%), e exame microscópico direto (30,16%). A eficiência diagnóstica variou de 58,49% a 99,06%, com maior valor obtido pela nova técnica. Foi obtido com o TF-Test Modified/Dog eficiência de 99,06%, com índice kappa de 0,979 (Quase perfeito). Estes resultados representam ganhos estatisticamente significativos (P < 0,05) de 20,63% de sensibilidade e 12,27% de eficiência sobre a melhor entre as outras técnicas empregadas, centrífugo-flutuação em solução de sulfato de zinco, cujo índice kappa foi 0,738, bem menor do que o TF-Test Modified/Dog. Todas as técnicas apresentaram especificidade de 100%. Nesse sentido, a sua alta sensibilidade o torna adequado para levantamentos epidemiológicos das parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães, bem como para programas de controle de zoonoses e de vigilância preventiva.

A comparative study of the TF-Test®, Kato-Katz, Hoffman-Pons-Janer, Willis and Baermann-Moraes coprologic methods for the detection of human parasitosis

This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of the TF-Test® (TFT) for human parasitosis with results obtained using the traditional Kato-Katz (KK), Hoffman-Pons-Janer (HPJ), Willis and Baermann-Moraes (BM) techniques. Overall, four stool samples were taken from each individual; three alternate-day TFT stool samples and another sample that was collected in a universal container. Stool samples were taken from 331 inhabitants of the community of Quilombola Santa Cruz. The gold standard (GS) for protozoa detection was defined as the combined results for TFT, HPJ and Willis coproscopic techniques; for helminth detection, GS was defined as the combined results for all five coproscopic techniques (TFT, KK, HPJ, Willis and BM). The positivity rate of each method was compared using the McNemar test. While the TFT exhibited similar positivity rates to the GS for Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (82.4 percent) and Giardia duodenalis (90 percent), HPJ and Willis techniques exhibited significantly lower positivity rates for these protozoa. All tests exhibited significantly lower positivity rates compared with GS for the diagnosis of helminths. The KK technique had the highest positivity rate for diagnosing Schistosoma mansoni (74.6 percent), while the TFT had the highest positivity rates for Ascaris lumbricoides (58.1 percent) and hookworm (75 percent); HPJ technique had the highest positivity rate for Strongyloides stercoralis (50 percent). Although a combination of tests is the most accurate method for the diagnosis of enteral parasites, the TFT reliably estimates the prevalence of protozoa and selected helminths, such as A. lumbricoides and hookworm. Further studies are needed to evaluate the detection accuracy of the TFT in samples with varying numbers of parasites.

Induction of acute myelogenous leukemia cell apoptosis by bortezomib and its effect on SALL4 gene expression / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines TF1 and NB4 apoptosis and its effect on SALL4 gene expression. METHODS: Cell proliferations were analyzed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis rate. SALL4 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry. The expressions of SALL4 gene were detected by Real-time PCR. SALL4 proteins in two cell lines were detected by Western Blotting. RESULTS: MTT assay showed bortezomib inhibited the proliferations of two cell lines in a time-and-does manner. TF1 and NB4 cells' 48 h IC50 were (29.15 ± 0.55) and (30.55 ± 0.74) nmol · L-1 respectively. Flow cytometry showed bortezomib could induce apoptosis of two cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that both of two cell lines expressed SALL4 proteins which located in cell nucleus. Real-time PCR demonstrated that SALL4 genes were down-regulated after cells were treated by different concentrations(10, 30, 50 nmol · L-1) of bortezomib for 24 h, and bortezomib 50 nmol · L-1 groups' genes were down-regulated to 45.11% (TF1) and 69.77% (NB4) respectively comparing with the control groups (P < 0.05). Western blotting revealed that both of the cell lines expressed SALL4B proteins and which could be inhibited by bortezomib in a time-and-does manner. CONCLUSION: Bortezomib can significantly inhibit two cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, meanwhile down-regulate the expressions of SALL4 gene. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Antígenos de Plasmodium falciparum, blancos de la respuesta inmunitaria humoral en pacientes tratados con cloroquina / Antigens of Plasmodium falciparum, target of humoral immune response in patients treated with chloroquine

Se planteó identificar antígenos que pudieran ser reconocidos por los anticuerpos IgG1 e IgG3, descritos como protectores en la infección malárica, en personas con respuesta clínica adecuada (RCA) o falla al tratamiento (FT) antimalárico, provenientes de localidades con diferentes grados de endemicidad. Se evaluaron por Immunoblotting muestras de sueros de individuos provenientes de tres localidades del Edo. Amazonas (Venezuela): Puerto Ayacucho (Atures), San Juan de Manapiare (Manapiare) y Platanal (Alto Orinoco). La reactividad de IgG, IgG1 e IgG3 frente a componentes antigénicos del extracto de P. falciparum (FCB2), permitió identificar un mayor número de moléculas específicas en los pacientes con RCA que en los pacientes con FT. La frecuencia de reconocimiento de polipéptidos fue baja en las tres localidades, algunas moléculas con una frecuencia de reconocimiento igual o mayor al 20% pertenecían a sueros de individuos de las localidades de Puerto Ayacucho y Platanal, ambas con exposición permanente a P. falciparum. Dado el reconocimiento de polipéptidos por IgG, IgG1 e IgG3 en sueros de pacientes con RCA, estos podrían ser considerados como posibles blancos relevantes de la respuesta inmunológica protectora que coadyuven con el tratamiento antimalárico. Esto contribuiría al desarrollo y diseño de vacunas más efectivas, que prevengan la infección malárica y/o potencien la eficacia a la quimioterapia.

Here we studied the presence of antigens recognized by IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies, thought as protective, in patients with adequate clinical response (RCA) or treatment failure (FT), living in areas of different degrees of endemicity. Immunoblotting was evaluated from serum samples of individuals from three locations in the State Amazonas (Venezuela): Puerto Ayacucho (Atures), San Juan de Manapiare (Manapiare) and Pantanal (Alto Orinoco). The reactivity of IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 against antigenic components of the extract of P. falciparum (FCB2) identified a greater number of specific molecules in patients with RCA in patients with AFT. The frequency of recognition of polypeptides was low in all three locations, with some molecules having a recognition rate of greater than or equal to 20% sera of individuals belonging to the towns of Puerto Ayacucho and Platanal, both with cases of P. falciparum. Given the recognition of polypeptides by IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 in sera of patients with RCA, they could be considered as possible targets for relevant protective immune responses that contribute to malaria treatment. This would contribute to the development and design of more effective vaccines that prevent malaria infection and/or enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.

The expressions of TF mRNA and TFPI mRNA of liver in rats with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis and the intervention effects of antibacterial agents / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expressions of TF mRNA and TFPI mRNA of liver in rats with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis and to assess the interventional effects of cefoperazone sodium along with levofloxacin lac-tate. Method One hundred and ten male SD rats were divided (random number) into normal control group (NC group, n = 10), Vibrio vulnificus sepsis group (VV group, five subgroups n = 10 in each), drug intervention model (AA group, five subgroups n = 10 in each). The Vibrio vulnificus sepsis models and drug intervention models of rat were made. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was employed for the measurement of TF mRNA and TFPI mRNA. ANOVA and t-test performed with SPSS version 12.0 software. Results Compared with NC, the expressions of TF mRNA in liver increased markedly 2 h,6 h, 12 h and 16 h af-termodeling in VV groups (P<0.05), and reached peak 6 hours after modeling. The expressions of TF mRNA in liver of rats in AA groups were much higher than those in NC group 9 h and 12 h after modeling (P<0.05). The expressions of TFPI mRNA in liver of rats in VV groups and AA groups were not significantly different to those in NC group (P>0.05). Compared with VV groups, the expressions of TF mRNA in liver of rats in AA groups were greatly lowered 9 hours after administration of bactericide (P<0.05), and the expressions of TFPI mRNA in liver of rats in AA groups were significantly higher 12h and 16 h after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusions There is a obvious imbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation functions of circulation system during Vibrio vulnificus sepsis, and the imbalance can be corrected gradually after treatment with antibacterial agents.